Id%Version%Family%Infra family%Hybrid genus%Genus%Infra genus%Hybrid%Species%Species author%Infra species%Rank%Authors%Basionym author%Publishing author%Full name%Full name without family%Full name without authors%Full name without family and authors%Reference%Publication%Collation%Remarks%Hybrid parents%Basionym%Replaced synonym%Distribution%Citation type%Bibliographic reference%Bibliographic type info%Collection date as text%Collection day1%Collection month1%Collection year1%Collection day2%Collection month2%Collection year2%Collection number%Collector team as text%Geographic unit as text%Locality%Latitude degrees%Latitude minutes%Latitude seconds%North or south%Longitude degrees%Longitude minutes%Longitude seconds%East or west%Type remarks%Type name%Type locations%Name status%Original taxon name%Original taxon name author team%Original replaced synonym%Original replaced synonym author team%Original basionym%Original basionym author team%Original parent citation taxon name author team%Original taxon distribution%Original hybrid parentage%Original cited type%Original remarks%Nomenclatural synonym%Other links 30003243-2%1.1.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%%%%gen.%L.%%L.%Silphium L.%Silphium L.%Silphium%Silphium%Sp. Pl. 2: 919. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 919%%%%%%tax. nov.%Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. , 3: 460. 1913 [7 Jun 1913] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Lectotype: S. asteriscus Linnaeus%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249110-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%albiflorum%%%spec.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium albiflorum A.Gray%Silphium albiflorum A.Gray%Silphium albiflorum%Silphium albiflorum%Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 4. 1883 %Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts%19: 4%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Texas%% 236415-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%angustum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium angustum Small%Silphium angustum Small%Silphium angustum%Silphium angustum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1244, 1340. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1244, 1340%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249111-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%angustum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium angustum Small%Silphium angustum Small%Silphium angustum%Silphium angustum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1244. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1244%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249112-1%1.1.2.1.1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%arborescens%%%spec.%Mill.%%Mill.%Silphium arborescens Mill.%Silphium arborescens Mill.%Silphium arborescens%Silphium arborescens%Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 4. 1768 [16 Apr 1768] %Gard. Dict., ed. 8.%n. 4%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Mexic%% 249113-1%1.2.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asperrimum%%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium asperrimum Hook.%Silphium asperrimum Hook.%Silphium asperrimum%Silphium asperrimum%Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 99. 1835 %Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor. occ%% 327207-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asperrimum%%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium asperrimum Hook.%Silphium asperrimum Hook.%Silphium asperrimum%Silphium asperrimum%Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 99. 1835 %Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249115-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium asteriscus L.%Silphium asteriscus L.%Silphium asteriscus%Silphium asteriscus%Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 920%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236417-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%angustatum%var.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustatum A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustatum A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustatum%Silphium asteriscus var. angustatum%Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2. 1(2, suppl.): 449. 1886 %Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2.%1(2, suppl.): 449%%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236418-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%angustum%var.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustum A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustum A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustum%Silphium asteriscus var. angustum% %%%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236419-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%dentatum%var.%(Elliott) Chapm.%(Elliott)%Chapm.%Silphium asteriscus var. dentatum (Elliott) Chapm.%Silphium asteriscus var. dentatum (Elliott) Chapm.%Silphium asteriscus var. dentatum%Silphium asteriscus var. dentatum%Fl. South. U.S. 221. 1860 %Fl. South. U.S.%221%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236420-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%laevicaule%var.%DC.%%DC.%Silphium asteriscus var. laevicaule DC.%Silphium asteriscus var. laevicaule DC.%Silphium asteriscus var. laevicaule%Silphium asteriscus var. laevicaule%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 513. 1836 [1-10 Oct 1836] %Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 513%%%%%Western Georgia, Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 60436443-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%L.%latifolium%var.%(A.Gray) Clevinger%(A.Gray)%Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. latifolium (A.Gray) Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. latifolium (A.Gray) Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. latifolium%Silphium asteriscus var. latifolium%Novon 14(3): 276. 2004 [29 Sep 2004] %Novon%14(3): 276%%%Asteraceae Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium A.Gray%%%comb. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236421-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%pumilum%var.%(Pursh) Alph.Wood%(Pursh)%Alph.Wood%Silphium asteriscus var. pumilum (Pursh) Alph.Wood%Silphium asteriscus var. pumilum (Pursh) Alph.Wood%Silphium asteriscus var. pumilum%Silphium asteriscus var. pumilum%Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861). 442. 1861 %Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861).%442%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236422-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%%scabrum%var.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium asteriscus var. scabrum Nutt.%Silphium asteriscus var. scabrum Nutt.%Silphium asteriscus var. scabrum%Silphium asteriscus var. scabrum%Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 2: 183. 1818 [14 Jul 1818] %Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall].%2: 183%%%%%Without definite locality%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 60436441-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%L.%simpsonii%var.%(Greene) Clevinger%(Greene)%Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. simpsonii (Greene) Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. simpsonii (Greene) Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. simpsonii%Silphium asteriscus var. simpsonii%Novon 14(3): 275. 2004 [29 Sep 2004] %Novon%14(3): 275%%%Asteraceae Silphium simpsonii Greene%%%comb. et stat. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 60436442-2%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%asteriscus%L.%trifoliatum%var.%(L.) Clevinger%(L.)%Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. trifoliatum (L.) Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. trifoliatum (L.) Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. trifoliatum%Silphium asteriscus var. trifoliatum%Novon 14(3): 276. 2004 [29 Sep 2004] %Novon%14(3): 276%%%Asteraceae Silphium trifoliatum L.%%%comb. et stat. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236423-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%atropurpureum%%%spec.%Ritzb. ex Willd.%%Ritzb. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum Ritzb. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum Ritzb. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum%Silphium atropurpureum% %%%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249116-1%1.1.2.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%atropurpureum%%%spec.%Retz. ex Willd.%%Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum%Silphium atropurpureum%Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2334. 1803 [Apr-Dec 1803] %Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow]%3(3): 2334%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236424-2%1.2.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%atropurpureum%%hirticaule%f.%Fernald%%Fernald%Silphium atropurpureum f. hirticaule Fernald%Silphium atropurpureum f. hirticaule Fernald%Silphium atropurpureum f. hirticaule%Silphium atropurpureum f. hirticaule%Rhodora 41: 573. 1939 %Rhodora%41: 573%%%%%Virginia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236425-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%betonicifolium%%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium%Silphium betonicifolium%Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 99. 1835 %Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%Nesom remarked that the type possibly came from Texas.%%%%New Orleans, Louisiana (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%s.n.%T.Drummond%%%%%%%%%%%%%lectotype K:;isotype GH?%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249117-1%1.3.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%betonicifolium%%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium%Silphium betonicifolium%Companion Bot. Mag. 1: 99. 1835 %Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249118-1%1.2.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%brachiatum%%%spec.%Gatt.%%Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum%Silphium brachiatum%Bot. Gaz. 9: 192. 1884 %Bot. Gaz.%9: 192%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249119-1%1.1.2.1.1.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%brachiatum%%%spec.%Gatt.%%Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum%Silphium brachiatum%Teness. Fl. 1887: 54. %Teness. Fl.%1887: 54%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236426-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%chickamaugense%%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium chickamaugense Canby%Silphium chickamaugense Canby%Silphium chickamaugense%Silphium chickamaugense%Bot. Gaz. 27: 319. 1899 %Bot. Gaz.%27: 319%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249120-1%1.2.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%chickamaugense%%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium chickamaugense Canby%Silphium chickamaugense Canby%Silphium chickamaugense%Silphium chickamaugense%Bot. Gaz. 27: 319. 1899 %Bot. Gaz.%27: 319%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236427-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%collinum%%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium collinum Greene%Silphium collinum Greene%Silphium collinum%Silphium collinum%Pittonia 4(20): 44. 1899 [11 Apr 1899] %Pittonia%4(20): 44%%%%%Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249122-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium compositum Michx.%Silphium compositum Michx.%Silphium compositum%Silphium compositum%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 145. 1803 [19 Mar 1803] %Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 145%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236428-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%michauxii%var.%Torr. & A.Gray%%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. michauxii Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. michauxii Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. michauxii%Silphium compositum var. michauxii%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 276. 1842 [Apr 1842] %Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 276%%%%%North Carolina to Florida, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236429-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%orae%f.%(Small) L.M.Perry%(Small)%L.M.Perry%Silphium compositum f. orae (Small) L.M.Perry%Silphium compositum f. orae (Small) L.M.Perry%Silphium compositum f. orae%Silphium compositum f. orae%Rhodora 39: 295. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 295%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236430-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%ovatifolium%var.%Torr. & A.Gray%%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. ovatifolium Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. ovatifolium Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. ovatifolium%Silphium compositum var. ovatifolium%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 277. 1842 [Apr 1842] %Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 277%%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236431-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%ovatifolium%subsp.%(Torr. & A.Gray) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%(Torr. & A.Gray)%C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. ovatifolium (Torr. & A.Gray) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. ovatifolium (Torr. & A.Gray) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. ovatifolium%Silphium compositum subsp. ovatifolium%Ohio J. Sci. 70: 232. 1970 %Ohio J. Sci.%70: 232%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236432-2%1.4.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%reniforme%var.%(Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray%(Raf.)%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. reniforme (Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. reniforme (Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. reniforme%Silphium compositum var. reniforme%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 276. 1842 [Apr 1842] %Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 276%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236433-2%1.3.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%reniforme%subsp.%(Raf. ex Nutt.) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%(Raf. ex Nutt.)%C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. reniforme (Raf. ex Nutt.) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. reniforme (Raf. ex Nutt.) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. reniforme%Silphium compositum subsp. reniforme%Ohio J. Sci. 70: 230. 1970 %Ohio J. Sci.%70: 230%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236434-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%%venosum%subsp.%(Small) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%(Small)%C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. venosum (Small) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. venosum (Small) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. venosum%Silphium compositum subsp. venosum%Ohio J. Sci. 70: 232. 1970 %Ohio J. Sci.%70: 232%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 967116-1%1.1.2.1.1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compositum%Michx.%venosum%var.%(Small) Kartesz & Gandhi%(Small)%Kartesz & Gandhi%Silphium compositum var. venosum (Small) Kartesz & Gandhi%Silphium compositum var. venosum (Small) Kartesz & Gandhi%Silphium compositum var. venosum%Silphium compositum var. venosum%Phytologia 71(4): 272. 1991 [9 Dec 1991] %Phytologia%71(4): 272%%%Asteraceae Silphium venosum Small%%%comb. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Silphium venosum.%(Small)%%%%%%% 249123-1%1.2.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%compressum%%%spec.%hort.%%hort.%Silphium compressum hort.%Silphium compressum hort.%Silphium compressum%Silphium compressum%ex Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 9(Fasc. suppl. 1): 11. 1931 , nomen%ex Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.%9(Fasc. suppl. 1): 11%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Hab.?%% 249124-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%confertiflorum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium confertiflorum Small%Silphium confertiflorum Small%Silphium confertiflorum%Silphium confertiflorum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1509, sphalm. 1933 [30 Nov 1933] %Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1509, sphalm.%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%S. confertifolium%% 236435-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%confertifolium%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium confertifolium Small%Silphium confertifolium Small%Silphium confertifolium%Silphium confertifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1243, 1340. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243, 1340%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249125-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%confertifolium%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium confertifolium Small%Silphium confertifolium Small%Silphium confertifolium%Silphium confertifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1243. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249126-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%conjunctum%%%spec.%Willd.%%Willd.%Silphium conjunctum Willd.%Silphium conjunctum Willd.%Silphium conjunctum%Silphium conjunctum%Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 2: 933. 1809 [Jun 1809] %Enum. Pl. [Willdenow]%2: 933%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236437-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%connatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium connatum L.%Silphium connatum L.%Silphium connatum%Silphium connatum%Mant. Pl. Altera 574. 1771 [Oct 1771] %Mant. Pl. Altera%574%%%%%America%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%neotype LINN(NO. 1032.5) (NO. 1032.5)%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249128-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%dentatum%%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium dentatum Elliott%Silphium dentatum Elliott%Silphium dentatum%Silphium dentatum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 468. 1823 %Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 468%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236439-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%dentatum%Elliott%angustatum%var.%(A.Gray) L.M.Perry%(A.Gray)%L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum var. angustatum (A.Gray) L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum var. angustatum (A.Gray) L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum var. angustatum%Silphium dentatum var. angustatum%Rhodora 39: 293. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 293%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236440-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%dentatum%Elliott%gatesii%var.%(C.Mohr) H.E.Ahles%(C.Mohr)%H.E.Ahles%Silphium dentatum var. gatesii (C.Mohr) H.E.Ahles%Silphium dentatum var. gatesii (C.Mohr) H.E.Ahles%Silphium dentatum var. gatesii%Silphium dentatum var. gatesii%J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 173. 1964 %J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.%80: 173%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236441-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%dentatum%Elliott%nodum%f.%(Small) L.M.Perry%(Small)%L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum f. nodum (Small) L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum f. nodum (Small) L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum f. nodum%Silphium dentatum f. nodum%Rhodora 39: 293. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 293%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249129-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%dissectum%%%spec.%Poir.%%Poir.%Silphium dissectum Poir.%Silphium dissectum Poir.%Silphium dissectum%Silphium dissectum%Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5. 157. 1817 [1 Nov 1817] %Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5.%157%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor.?%% 249130-1%1.1.2.1.4.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%doronicifolium%%%spec.%Kunze%%Kunze%Silphium doronicifolium Kunze%Silphium doronicifolium Kunze%Silphium doronicifolium%Silphium doronicifolium%Del. Sem. Hort. Lips. 1846: 4. ; et in Linnaea, xx. (1847) 20.%Del. Sem. Hort. Lips.%1846: 4%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Afr. austr%% 249131-1%1.1.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%edule%%%spec.%Baill.%%Baill.%Silphium edule Baill.%Silphium edule Baill.%Silphium edule%Silphium edule%Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 8: 306. 1882 [Jan-Feb 1882] %Hist. Pl. (Baillon)%8: 306%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249132-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%elatum%%%spec.%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium elatum Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium elatum Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium elatum%Silphium elatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 579. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 579%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236442-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%elliottii%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium elliottii Small%Silphium elliottii Small%Silphium elliottii%Silphium elliottii%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1243, 1340. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243, 1340%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249133-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%elliottii%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium elliottii Small%Silphium elliottii Small%Silphium elliottii%Silphium elliottii%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1234. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1234%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249134-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%equatoriale%%%spec.%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium equatoriale Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium equatoriale Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium equatoriale%Silphium equatoriale%Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2(1): 350. 1873 [7-9 Apr 1873] %Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.]%2(1): 350%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%nom. inval.%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249135-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%erythrocaulon%%%spec.%Bernh. ex Spreng.%%Bernh. ex Spreng.%Silphium erythrocaulon Bernh. ex Spreng.%Silphium erythrocaulon Bernh. ex Spreng.%Silphium erythrocaulon%Silphium erythrocaulon%Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 630. 1826 [Jan-Mar 1826] %Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel]%3: 630%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236443-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%gatesii%%%spec.%C.Mohr%%C.Mohr%Silphium gatesii C.Mohr%Silphium gatesii C.Mohr%Silphium gatesii%Silphium gatesii%Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 793, tab. 13. 1901 %Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.%6: 793, tab. 13%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236444-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%gatesii%C.Mohr%truncatum%f.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium gatesii f. truncatum L.M.Perry%Silphium gatesii f. truncatum L.M.Perry%Silphium gatesii f. truncatum%Silphium gatesii f. truncatum%Rhodora 39: 289. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 289%%%%%vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%Curtiss N. A. Pl. no. 1386%A.Gattinger%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236445-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%glabrum%%%spec.%Eggert in Small%%Eggert in Small%Silphium glabrum Eggert in Small%Silphium glabrum Eggert in Small%Silphium glabrum%Silphium glabrum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1243, 1340. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243, 1340%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249137-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%glabrum%%%spec.%Eggert%%Eggert%Silphium glabrum Eggert%Silphium glabrum Eggert%Silphium glabrum%Silphium glabrum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1243. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249138-1%1.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%glaucum%%%spec.%Weinm.%%Weinm.%Silphium glaucum Weinm.%Silphium glaucum Weinm.%Silphium glaucum%Silphium glaucum%Hort. Dorpat. 143. ; ex DC. Prod. v. 571, in obs.%Hort. Dorpat.%143%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 321034-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%glutinosum%%%spec.%J.R.Allison%%J.R.Allison%Silphium glutinosum J.R.Allison%Silphium glutinosum J.R.Allison%Silphium glutinosum%Silphium glutinosum%Castanea 66(1-2): 183 (186-188; figs. 11, 12A-C; tab. 2). 2001 %Castanea%66(1-2): 183 (186-188; figs. 11, 12A-C; tab. 2)%[Gandhi 5 May 2001]%%%%ca. 17.8 km NE of Centreville; ca. 2 km NNW of the mouth of Alligator Creek; Alligator Glade, Ketona Dolomite outcrop ca. 0.2 km W of Alligator Creek, Bibb County (Alabama, Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%12503%J.R.Allison%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH;isotype AUA;isotype DUKE;isotype FLAS;isotype FSU;isotype GA;isotype IBE;isotype JSU;isotype MICH;isotype MO;isotype NCU;isotype NY;isotype TAMU;isotype UARK;isotype UNA;isotype US;isotype USCH;isotype VDB%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249139-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%gracile%%%spec.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium gracile A.Gray%Silphium gracile A.Gray%Silphium gracile%Silphium gracile%Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 653. 1873 %Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts%8: 653%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Texas%% 249140-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%gummiferum%%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium gummiferum Elliott%Silphium gummiferum Elliott%Silphium gummiferum%Silphium gummiferum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 460. 1823 %Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 460%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236446-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%helianthoides%%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium helianthoides Greene%Silphium helianthoides Greene%Silphium helianthoides%Silphium helianthoides%Pittonia 4(20): 43. 1899 [11 Apr 1899] %Pittonia%4(20): 43%%%%%Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249141-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%helianthoides%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium helianthoides L.%Silphium helianthoides L.%Silphium helianthoides%Silphium helianthoides%Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 920%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249143-1%1.1.2.1.1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%hornemannii%%%spec.%Schrad. ex DC.%%Schrad. ex DC.%Silphium hornemannii Schrad. ex DC.%Silphium hornemannii Schrad. ex DC.%Silphium hornemannii%Silphium hornemannii%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 514. 1836 [1-10 Oct 1836] %Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 514%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236448-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%incisum%%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium incisum Greene%Silphium incisum Greene%Silphium incisum%Silphium incisum%Pittonia 4(20): 45. 1899 [11 Apr 1899] %Pittonia%4(20): 45%%%%%Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249145-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium integrifolium Michx.%Silphium integrifolium Michx.%Silphium integrifolium%Silphium integrifolium%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 146. 1803 [19 Mar 1803] %Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 146%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 30072268-2%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium integrifolium Michx.%Silphium integrifolium Michx.%Silphium integrifolium%Silphium integrifolium%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 146. 1803 [19 Mar 1803] %Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 146%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1025989-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%asperrimum%var.%(Hook.) B.L.Turner%(Hook.)%B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. asperrimum (Hook.) B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. asperrimum (Hook.) B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. asperrimum%Silphium integrifolium var. asperrimum%Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 6. 2003 [25 Apr 2003] %Sida, Bot. Misc.%24: 6%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236449-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%deamii%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. deamii L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. deamii L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. deamii%Silphium integrifolium var. deamii%Rhodora 39: 287. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 287%%%%%1 mile E of Dana, Indiana (Northeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%54376%C.C.Deam%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236450-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%gattingeri%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. gattingeri L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. gattingeri L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. gattingeri%Silphium integrifolium var. gattingeri%Rhodora 39: 287. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 287%%%%%Nashville, Charlotte Pike, Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%A.Gattinger%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236451-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%integrifolium%var.%Cronquist%%Cronquist%Silphium integrifolium var. integrifolium Cronquist%Silphium integrifolium var. integrifolium Cronquist%Silphium integrifolium var. integrifolium%Silphium integrifolium var. integrifolium%Rhodora 47: 401. 1945 %Rhodora%47: 401%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236452-2%1.4.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%laeve%var.%Torr. & A.Gray%%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium integrifolium var. laeve Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium integrifolium var. laeve Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium integrifolium var. laeve%Silphium integrifolium var. laeve%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 2(2): 279. 1842 [Apr 1842] %Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 279%%%%%%nom. et stat. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236453-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%mesochorum%var.%Benke%%Benke%Silphium integrifolium var. mesochorum Benke%Silphium integrifolium var. mesochorum Benke%Silphium integrifolium var. mesochorum%Silphium integrifolium var. mesochorum%Rhodora 34: 10. 1932 %Rhodora%34: 10%%%%%Kansas (North-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236454-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%neglectum%var.%Settle & T.R.Fisher%%Settle & T.R.Fisher%Silphium integrifolium var. neglectum Settle & T.R.Fisher%Silphium integrifolium var. neglectum Settle & T.R.Fisher%Silphium integrifolium var. neglectum%Silphium integrifolium var. neglectum%Rhodora 72: 540. 1970 %Rhodora%72: 540%%%%%Indiana (Northeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236455-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%ternatum%var.%Alph.Wood%%Alph.Wood%Silphium integrifolium var. ternatum Alph.Wood%Silphium integrifolium var. ternatum Alph.Wood%Silphium integrifolium var. ternatum%Silphium integrifolium var. ternatum%Class-book Bot., ed. 2. 336. 1847 %Class-book Bot., ed. 2.%336%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 1044665-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%integrifolium%Michx.%wrightii%var.%(L.M.Perry) B.L.Turner%(L.M.Perry)%B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. wrightii (L.M.Perry) B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. wrightii (L.M.Perry) B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. wrightii%Silphium integrifolium var. wrightii%Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 6. 2003 [25 Apr 2003] %Sida, Bot. Misc.%24: 6%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249146-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%laciniatum%%%spec.%Walter%%Walter%Silphium laciniatum Walter%Silphium laciniatum Walter%Silphium laciniatum%Silphium laciniatum%Fl. Carol. [Walter] 217. 1788 [Apr-Jun 1788] %Fl. Carol. [Walter]%217%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 315757-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%laciniatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium laciniatum L.%Silphium laciniatum L.%Silphium laciniatum%Silphium laciniatum%Sp. Pl. 2: 919. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 919%[Gandhi 4 Jun 1998]%%%%America Septentrionali, Mississippi, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%lectotype LINN (NO. 1032.2) (NO. 1032.2)%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236456-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%laciniatum%L.%robinsonii%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium laciniatum var. robinsonii L.M.Perry%Silphium laciniatum var. robinsonii L.M.Perry%Silphium laciniatum var. robinsonii%Silphium laciniatum var. robinsonii%Rhodora 39: 297. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 297%%%%%x, Kentucky (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%C.W.Short%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249148-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%laeve%%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium laeve Hook.%Silphium laeve Hook.%Silphium laeve%Silphium laeve%London J. Bot. 6: 244. 1847 %London J. Bot.%6: 244%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249149-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%laevigatum%%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium laevigatum Elliott%Silphium laevigatum Elliott%Silphium laevigatum%Silphium laevigatum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 465. 1823 %Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 465%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249150-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%laevigatum%%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium laevigatum Pursh%Silphium laevigatum Pursh%Silphium laevigatum%Silphium laevigatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 578. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 578%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236457-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%lanceolatum%%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium lanceolatum Canby%Silphium lanceolatum Canby%Silphium lanceolatum%Silphium lanceolatum%Bot. Gaz. 27: 139, 319. 1899 %Bot. Gaz.%27: 139, 319%%%%%Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249151-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%lanceolatum%%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium lanceolatum Nutt.%Silphium lanceolatum Nutt.%Silphium lanceolatum%Silphium lanceolatum%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 341. 1840 [Oct-Dec 1840] %Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 341%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249152-1%1.2.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%lanceolatum%%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium lanceolatum Canby%Silphium lanceolatum Canby%Silphium lanceolatum%Silphium lanceolatum%Bot. Gaz. 27: 139. 1899 %Bot. Gaz.%27: 139%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 315887-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%lapsum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium lapsum Small%Silphium lapsum Small%Silphium lapsum%Silphium lapsum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1411, 1509. 1933 %Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411, 1509%[Gandhi 7 Jul 1998]%%%%Augusta: sand hills and oak woods, Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%s.n.%A.Cuthbert%%%%%%%%%%%%%null NY%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249153-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%lapsuum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium lapsuum Small%Silphium lapsuum Small%Silphium lapsuum%Silphium lapsuum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1411. 1933 [30 Nov 1933] %Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%U.S.A. (Georgia; S. Carolina)%% 249154-1%1.1.2.1.4.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%latifolium%%%spec.%Hill%%Hill%Silphium latifolium Hill%Silphium latifolium Hill%Silphium latifolium%Silphium latifolium%Hort. Kew. (Hill) ed. 1: 11. 1768 %Hort. Kew. (Hill)%ed. 1: 11%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236458-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%mohrii%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium mohrii Small%Silphium mohrii Small%Silphium mohrii%Silphium mohrii%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24(1): 493, t. 315. 1897 [28 Jan 1897] %Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%24(1): 493, t. 315%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249156-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%nodum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium nodum Small%Silphium nodum Small%Silphium nodum%Silphium nodum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1413. 1933 [30 Nov 1933] %Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1413%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%U.S.A. (S. Carolina)%% 249157-1%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%nudicaule%%%spec.%M.A.Curtis%%M.A.Curtis%Silphium nudicaule M.A.Curtis%Silphium nudicaule M.A.Curtis%Silphium nudicaule%Silphium nudicaule%Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1: 127. 1837 %Boston J. Nat. Hist.%1: 127%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249158-1%1.1.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%nuttallianum%%%spec.%Torr.%%Torr.%Silphium nuttallianum Torr.%Silphium nuttallianum Torr.%Silphium nuttallianum%Silphium nuttallianum%Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 216. 1827 [Jun 1827] %Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York%2: 216%Torrey considered Nuttall's Silphium *subacaule, scabriusculum: caule brevissimo ... (in Amer. J. Sci. 5: 301. 1822) as a new species without an epithet (Torrey seems to have treated subacaule, as a descriptive term); cf., DC. (Prodr. 5: 512. 1836); A. Gray (Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 242. 1884).%%%%%nom. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%nom. illeg. nom. superfl. for S. subacaule Nuttall (1822).%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249159-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%orae%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium orae Small%Silphium orae Small%Silphium orae%Silphium orae%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1411. 1933 [30 Nov 1933] %Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%U.S.A. (N. & S. Carolina)%% 315886-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%orae%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium orae Small%Silphium orae Small%Silphium orae%Silphium orae%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1411, 1509. 1933 %Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411, 1509%[Gandhi 7 Jul 1998]%%%%Wilmington: sandy woods, North Carolina (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%s.n.%A.H.Curtiss%%%%%%%%%%%%%null CU%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236459-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ovatifolium%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium ovatifolium Small%Silphium ovatifolium Small%Silphium ovatifolium%Silphium ovatifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1242, 1340. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1242, 1340%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249160-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ovatifolium%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium ovatifolium Small%Silphium ovatifolium Small%Silphium ovatifolium%Silphium ovatifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 1242. 1903 [22 Jul 1903] %Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1242%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236460-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ovatum%%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum%Silphium ovatum%Naturaleza (Mexico City) ser. 2, 1, app. 148. 1890 Plantae Novae Hispaniae%Naturaleza (Mexico City)%ser. 2, 1, app. 148%%%%%Mexico (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249161-1%1.4.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ovatum%%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum%Silphium ovatum%Pl. Nov. Hisp. 148 (Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1: App.); ed. 2, 138. 1890 %Pl. Nov. Hisp.%148 (Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1: App.); ed. 2, 138%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Mexico%% 249162-1%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%patulum%%%spec.%Banks ex Pursh%%Banks ex Pursh%Silphium patulum Banks ex Pursh%Silphium patulum Banks ex Pursh%Silphium patulum%Silphium patulum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 578. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 578%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236461-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium perfoliatum L.%Silphium perfoliatum L.%Silphium perfoliatum%Silphium perfoliatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1232. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] %Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1232%%%%%America boreali%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%lectotype LINN (HERB. LINN. NO. 1032.3) (HERB. LINN. NO. 1032.3)%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249163-1%1.4.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium perfoliatum L.%Silphium perfoliatum L.%Silphium perfoliatum%Silphium perfoliatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1232. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] %Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1232%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 236462-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%L.%conjunctum%var.%(Willd.) Pursh%(Willd.)%Pursh%Silphium perfoliatum var. conjunctum (Willd.) Pursh%Silphium perfoliatum var. conjunctum (Willd.) Pursh%Silphium perfoliatum var. conjunctum%Silphium perfoliatum var. conjunctum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 577. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 577%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236463-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%%connatum%subsp.%(L.) Cruden%(L.)%Cruden%Silphium perfoliatum subsp. connatum (L.) Cruden%Silphium perfoliatum subsp. connatum (L.) Cruden%Silphium perfoliatum subsp. connatum%Silphium perfoliatum subsp. connatum%Castanea 27: 90. 1962 %Castanea%27: 90%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236464-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%L.%connatum%var.%(L.) Cronquist%(L.)%Cronquist%Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum (L.) Cronquist%Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum (L.) Cronquist%Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum%Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum%Brittonia 29: 223. 1977 %Brittonia%29: 223%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236465-2%1.12%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%L.%hornemannii%f.%(Schrad. ex DC.) Voss%(Schrad. ex DC.)%Voss%Silphium perfoliatum f. hornemannii (Schrad. ex DC.) Voss%Silphium perfoliatum f. hornemannii (Schrad. ex DC.) Voss%Silphium perfoliatum f. hornemannii%Silphium perfoliatum f. hornemannii%Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 477. 1894 %Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3.%1: 477%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236466-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perfoliatum%L.%petiolatum%f.%E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.%%E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.%Silphium perfoliatum f. petiolatum E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.%Silphium perfoliatum f. petiolatum E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.%Silphium perfoliatum f. petiolatum%Silphium perfoliatum f. petiolatum%Brittonia 10: 119. 1958 %Brittonia%10: 119%%%%%Missouri (North-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249164-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%peristenium%%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium peristenium Raf.%Silphium peristenium Raf.%Silphium peristenium%Silphium peristenium%Atlantic J. 146 (Quid ?). 1832 %Atlantic J.%146 (Quid ?)%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 304167-2%1.2.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%peristenium%%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium peristenium Raf.%Silphium peristenium Raf.%Silphium peristenium%Silphium peristenium%Atlantic J. 1: 146. 1832 %Atlantic J.%1: 146%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 321035-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%perplexum%%%spec.%J.R.Allison%%J.R.Allison%Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison%Silphium perplexum J.R.Allison%Silphium perplexum%Silphium perplexum%Castanea 66(1-2): 188 (-189; fig. 12D-F; tab. 2). 2001 %Castanea%66(1-2): 188 (-189; fig. 12D-F; tab. 2)%[Gandhi 5 May 2001]%%%%ca. 15.5 km SW of Selma and ca. 2.4 km WSW of Old Cahaba; S side Co. Rd. 2 at jct. Co. Rd. 9; prairielike openings on chalk, Dallas County (Alabama, Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%12153%J.R.Allison%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH;isotype AUA;isotype DUKE;isotype FLAS;isotype FSU;isotype GA;isotype JSU;isotype MICH;isotype MO;isotype NY;isotype UNA;isotype US;isotype VDB%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249165-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%petiolatum%%%spec.%Poir.%%Poir.%Silphium petiolatum Poir.%Silphium petiolatum Poir.%Silphium petiolatum%Silphium petiolatum%Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5. 157. 1817 [1 Nov 1817] %Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5.%157%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236467-2%1.3.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pinnatifidum%%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum%Silphium pinnatifidum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 462. 1823 %Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 462%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%Alabama, Georgia%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249166-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pinnatifidum%%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum%Silphium pinnatifidum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 462. 1823 %Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 462%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249167-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pinnatifidum%%%spec.%T.Nees%%T.Nees%Silphium pinnatifidum T.Nees%Silphium pinnatifidum T.Nees%Silphium pinnatifidum%Silphium pinnatifidum%Flora vel Bot. Zeitung 15(1): 77. 1832 %Flora vel Bot. Zeitung%15(1): 77%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%German%% 249168-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%platypterum%%%spec.%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium platypterum Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium platypterum Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium platypterum%Silphium platypterum%Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2(1): 350. 1873 [7-9 Apr 1873] %Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.]%2(1): 350%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%nom. inval.%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249169-1%1.1.2.1.1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pseudolaciniatum%%%spec.%Fras. ex DC.%%Fras. ex DC.%Silphium pseudolaciniatum Fras. ex DC.%Silphium pseudolaciniatum Fras. ex DC.%Silphium pseudolaciniatum%Silphium pseudolaciniatum%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 512. 1836 [1-10 Oct 1836] %Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 512%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236468-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pumilum%%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium pumilum Pursh%Silphium pumilum Pursh%Silphium pumilum%Silphium pumilum% %%%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249170-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pumilum%%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium pumilum Michx.%Silphium pumilum Michx.%Silphium pumilum%Silphium pumilum%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 183. 1803 [19 Mar 1803] %Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 183%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236469-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%pumilum%%tomentosum%var.%(Pursh) Nutt.%(Pursh)%Nutt.%Silphium pumilum var. tomentosum (Pursh) Nutt.%Silphium pumilum var. tomentosum (Pursh) Nutt.%Silphium pumilum var. tomentosum%Silphium pumilum var. tomentosum%Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall]. 2: 183. 1818 [14 Jul 1818] %Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall].%2: 183%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249171-1%1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%quadrangulum%%%spec.%Hedw.%%Hedw.%Silphium quadrangulum Hedw.%Silphium quadrangulum Hedw.%Silphium quadrangulum%Silphium quadrangulum%Arch. Bot. [Leipzig] 3(1-2): 123. 1803 %Arch. Bot. [Leipzig]%3(1-2): 123%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249172-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%quercifolium%%%spec.%DC.%%DC.%Silphium quercifolium DC.%Silphium quercifolium DC.%Silphium quercifolium%Silphium quercifolium%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 513. 1836 [1-10 Oct 1836] %Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 513%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Hab.?%% 249173-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%radula%%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium radula Nutt.%Silphium radula Nutt.%Silphium radula%Silphium radula%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 341. 1840 [Oct-Dec 1840] %Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 341%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 60436444-2%1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%radula%Nutt.%gracile%var.%(A.Gray) Clevinger%(A.Gray)%Clevinger%Silphium radula var. gracile (A.Gray) Clevinger%Silphium radula var. gracile (A.Gray) Clevinger%Silphium radula var. gracile%Silphium radula var. gracile%Novon 14(3): 277. 2004 [29 Sep 2004] %Novon%14(3): 277%%%Asteraceae Silphium gracile A.Gray%%%comb. et stat. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236470-2%1.3.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%reniforme%%%spec.%Raf. ex Nutt.%%Raf. ex Nutt.%Silphium reniforme Raf. ex Nutt.%Silphium reniforme Raf. ex Nutt.%Silphium reniforme%Silphium reniforme%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 342. 1840 [Oct-Dec 1840] %Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 342%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249175-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%reticulatum%%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium reticulatum Raf.%Silphium reticulatum Raf.%Silphium reticulatum%Silphium reticulatum%Atlantic J. 148. 1832 %Atlantic J.%148%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249176-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%reticulatum%%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium reticulatum Pursh%Silphium reticulatum Pursh%Silphium reticulatum%Silphium reticulatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 579. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 579%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249177-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%reticulatum%%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium reticulatum Moench%Silphium reticulatum Moench%Silphium reticulatum%Silphium reticulatum%Methodus (Moench) 606. 1794 [4 May 1794] %Methodus (Moench)%606%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236471-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%reverchonii%%%spec.%Bush%%Bush%Silphium reverchonii Bush%Silphium reverchonii Bush%Silphium reverchonii%Silphium reverchonii%Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 125. 1906 %Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard.%17: 125%%%%%Texas (South-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249179-1%1.1.2.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%rigidum%%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium rigidum Moench%Silphium rigidum Moench%Silphium rigidum%Silphium rigidum%Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 258. 1802 [2 May 1802] %Suppl. Meth. (Moench)%258.%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Hab.?%% 236472-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%rumicifolium%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium rumicifolium Small%Silphium rumicifolium Small%Silphium rumicifolium%Silphium rumicifolium%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(3): 145. 1898 [19 Mar 1898] %Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(3): 145%%%%%Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249181-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%scaberrimum%%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium scaberrimum Elliott%Silphium scaberrimum Elliott%Silphium scaberrimum%Silphium scaberrimum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 466. 1823 %Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 466%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249182-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%scabrum%%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium scabrum Moench%Silphium scabrum Moench%Silphium scabrum%Silphium scabrum%Methodus (Moench) 606. 1794 [4 May 1794] %Methodus (Moench)%606%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249183-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%scabrum%%%spec.%Walter%%Walter%Silphium scabrum Walter%Silphium scabrum Walter%Silphium scabrum%Silphium scabrum%Fl. Carol. [Walter] 217. 1788 [Apr-Jun 1788] %Fl. Carol. [Walter]%217%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236473-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%simpsonii%%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium simpsonii Greene%Silphium simpsonii Greene%Silphium simpsonii%Silphium simpsonii%Pittonia 4(20): 44. 1899 [11 Apr 1899] %Pittonia%4(20): 44%%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236474-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%simpsonii%Greene%wrightii%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium simpsonii var. wrightii L.M.Perry%Silphium simpsonii var. wrightii L.M.Perry%Silphium simpsonii var. wrightii%Silphium simpsonii var. wrightii%Rhodora 39: 288. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 288%%%%%Texas (South-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%C.Wright%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249185-1%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%sinuatum%%%spec.%Banks ex Pursh%%Banks ex Pursh%Silphium sinuatum Banks ex Pursh%Silphium sinuatum Banks ex Pursh%Silphium sinuatum%Silphium sinuatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 577. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 577%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249186-1%1.2.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%solidaginoides%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium solidaginoides L.%Silphium solidaginoides L.%Silphium solidaginoides%Silphium solidaginoides%Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 920%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249187-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%speciosum%%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium speciosum Nutt.%Silphium speciosum Nutt.%Silphium speciosum%Silphium speciosum%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, 7: 341. 1840 [Oct-Dec 1840] %Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 341%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%Planis of Arkansas%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249188-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%spicatum%%%spec.%Poir.%%Poir.%Silphium spicatum Poir.%Silphium spicatum Poir.%Silphium spicatum%Silphium spicatum%Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5. 157. 1817 [1 Nov 1817] %Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5.%157%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249189-1%1.1.2.2.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%subacaule%%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium subacaule Nutt.%Silphium subacaule Nutt.%Silphium subacaule%Silphium subacaule%Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 301. 1822 %Amer. J. Sci. Arts%5: 301%protologue: Silphium *subacaule, scabriusculum: caule brevissimo ...; both Silphium and subacaule given in Roman; Torrey (Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 216. 1827) treated subacaule as a descriptive term and believed that Nuttall did not provide a specific epithet (cf., DC., Prodr. 5: 512. 1836; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 242. 1884).%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%s.n.%N. A. Ware%%East Florida%%%%%%%%%%%holotype PH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249190-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%terebinthinaceum%%%spec.%Jacq.%%Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum%Silphium terebinthinaceum%Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 16. %Hort. Bot. Vindob.%1: 16%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 30257140-2%1.1.2.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%terebinthinaceum%%%spec.%Jacq.%%Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum%Silphium terebinthinaceum%Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 16 (t. 43). 1770 %Hort. Bot. Vindob.%1: 16 (t. 43)%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236478-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%terebinthinaceum%Jacq.%lucy-brauniae%var.%Steyerm.%%Steyerm.%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. lucy-brauniae Steyerm.%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. lucy-brauniae Steyerm.%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. lucy-brauniae%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. lucy-brauniae%Rhodora 53: 134. 1951 %Rhodora%53: 134%%%%%Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois & Mississippi, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236476-2%1.4.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%terebinthinaceum%Jacq.%pinnatifidum%var.%(Elliott) A.Gray%(Elliott)%A.Gray%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. pinnatifidum (Elliott) A.Gray%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. pinnatifidum (Elliott) A.Gray%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. pinnatifidum%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. pinnatifidum%Manual (Gray) 220. 1848 %Manual (Gray)%220%Gray did not refer to the basionym; St. Louis Code Art. 33.2 applies for presumed comb. nov.%%Asteraceae Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott%%%comb. et stat. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236477-2%1.2.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%terebinthinaceum%Jacq.%sinuatum%var.%M.A.Curtis%%M.A.Curtis%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. sinuatum M.A.Curtis%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. sinuatum M.A.Curtis%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. sinuatum%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. sinuatum%Boston J. Nat. Hist. 7: 127. 1835 %Boston J. Nat. Hist.%7: 127%%%%%Virginia to South Carolina, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236479-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ternatum%%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum%Silphium ternatum%Fl. Mexic., ed. 2 195. 1894 %Fl. Mexic., ed. 2%195%%%%%Mexico (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249192-1%1.1.2.1.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ternatum%%%spec.%Retz. ex Willd.%%Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium ternatum Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium ternatum Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium ternatum%Silphium ternatum%Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2333. 1803 [Apr-Dec 1803] %Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow]%3(3): 2333%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249193-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ternatum%%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum%Silphium ternatum%Fl. Mexic., ed. 2 195. 1894 %Fl. Mexic., ed. 2%195%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Mexico%% 1060627-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ternatum%Sessé & Moc.%atropurpureum%var.%(Ritzb. ex Willd.) DC.%(Ritzb. ex Willd.)%DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum (Ritzb. ex Willd.) DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum (Ritzb. ex Willd.) DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum% %%%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236480-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ternatum%%atropurpureum%var.%(Retz. ex Willd.) DC.%(Retz. ex Willd.)%DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum (Retz. ex Willd.) DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum (Retz. ex Willd.) DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 5: 513. 1836 [1-10 Oct 1836] %Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 513%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249194-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%ternifolium%%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium ternifolium Michx.%Silphium ternifolium Michx.%Silphium ternifolium%Silphium ternifolium%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 2: 146. 1803 [19 Mar 1803] %Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 146%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249195-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%tetragonotheca%%%spec.%Gaertn.%%Gaertn.%Silphium tetragonotheca Gaertn.%Silphium tetragonotheca Gaertn.%Silphium tetragonotheca%Silphium tetragonotheca%Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2(3): 444, t. 171, f. 2. 1791 [Sep-Dec 1791] %Fruct. Sem. Pl.%2(3): 444, t. 171, f. 2%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249196-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%tetragonum%%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium tetragonum Moench%Silphium tetragonum Moench%Silphium tetragonum%Silphium tetragonum%Methodus (Moench) 606. 1794 [4 May 1794] %Methodus (Moench)%606%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236481-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%tomentosum%%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium tomentosum Pursh%Silphium tomentosum Pursh%Silphium tomentosum%Silphium tomentosum% %%%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249197-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%tomentosum%%%spec.%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium tomentosum Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium tomentosum Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium tomentosum%Silphium tomentosum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 2: 579. 1813 [Dec 1813] %Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 579%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249198-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trachopus%%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium trachopus Raf.%Silphium trachopus Raf.%Silphium trachopus%Silphium trachopus%Herb. Raf. 24. 1833 ; Atl. Journ. 178.%Herb. Raf.%24%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 249199-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trifoliatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trifoliatum L.%Silphium trifoliatum L.%Silphium trifoliatum%Silphium trifoliatum%Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 920%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 315758-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trifoliatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trifoliatum L.%Silphium trifoliatum L.%Silphium trifoliatum%Silphium trifoliatum%Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753 [1 May 1753] %Sp. Pl.%2: 920%[Gandhi 4 Jun 1998]%%%%Virginia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%lectotype LINN (NO. 1032.8) (NO. 1032.8)%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236482-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trifoliatum%%latifolium%var.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium A.Gray%Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium A.Gray%Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium%Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium%Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 2: 241. 1884 %Syn. Fl. N. Amer.%1, pt. 2: 241%%%%%South Carolina, Georgia & Alabama, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236484-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trifoliatum%%praecisum%f.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium trifoliatum f. praecisum L.M.Perry%Silphium trifoliatum f. praecisum L.M.Perry%Silphium trifoliatum f. praecisum%Silphium trifoliatum f. praecisum%Rhodora 39: 291. 1937 %Rhodora%39: 291%%%%%Lexington, Virginia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%J.R.Churchill%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype GH%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236483-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trifoliatum%%trifoliatum%var.%Cronquist%%Cronquist%Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum Cronquist%Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum Cronquist%Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum%Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum%Rhodora 47: 401. 1945 %Rhodora%47: 401%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236485-2%1.3.2.2.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trilobatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1233. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] (as trilobatu.)%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1233%The Linnaean epithet trilobatu. corrected to trilobatum%%%%%tax. nov.%Fl. Lesser Antilles [R.A. Howard] 6 : 616. 1989 %%%%%%%%%%%%Habitat [in America] (vide Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1303. 1763)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249200-1%1.4.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trilobatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1232. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] %Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1232%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 311299-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trilobatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1233. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] %Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1233%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 311727-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%trilobatum%%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum L.%Silphium trilobatum%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1233. 1759 [7 Jun 1759] %Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1233%%%%%%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 236486-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%venosum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium venosum Small%Silphium venosum Small%Silphium venosum%Silphium venosum%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(9): 478. 1898 [10 Sep 1898] %Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(9): 478%%%%%Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 249201-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%venosum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium venosum Small%Silphium venosum Small%Silphium venosum%Silphium venosum%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(9): 478. 1898 [10 Sep 1898] %Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(9): 478%%%%%%unknown%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Am. bor%% 311758-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%venosum%%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium venosum Small%Silphium venosum Small%Silphium venosum%Silphium venosum%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25(9): 478. 1898 [10 Sep 1898] %Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(9): 478%%%%%Charlton County (Georgia, Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%%J.K.Small (Gr.Br.)%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype NY%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 285030-2%1.1.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%N%wasiotense%%%spec.%Medley%%Medley%Silphium wasiotense Medley%Silphium wasiotense Medley%Silphium wasiotense%Silphium wasiotense%Sida 13: 285 (-287), fig. 1989 %Sida%13: 285 (-287), fig%as wasiotensis%%%%Kentucky (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.%%%%%%%%%%12334-84%M.E.Medley%%%%%%%%%%%%%holotype hb. Medley%%%%%%%%%%%%%%