Id%Version%Family%Infra family%Hybrid genus%Genus%Infra genus%Rank%Authors%Basionym author%Publishing author%Full name without family and authors%Publication%Collation%Publication year full%Name status%Remarks%Basionym%Replaced synonym%Nomenclatural synonym%Distribution%Citation type 30003243-2%1.1.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%gen.%L.%%L.%Silphium%Sp. Pl.%2: 919%1753%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249110-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium albiflorum%Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts%19: 4%1883%%%%%%%unknown 236415-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium angustum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1244, 1340%1903%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249111-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium angustum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1244%1903%%%%%%%unknown 249112-1%1.1.2.1.1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Mill.%%Mill.%Silphium arborescens%Gard. Dict., ed. 8.%n. 4%1768%%%%%%%unknown 249113-1%1.2.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium asperrimum%Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%1835%%%%%%%unknown 327207-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium asperrimum%Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%1835%%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 249115-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium asteriscus%Sp. Pl.%2: 920%1753%%%%%%%unknown 236417-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustatum%Syn. Fl. N. Amer., ed. 2.%1(2, suppl.): 449%1886%%%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236418-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium asteriscus var. angustum%%%%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236419-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Elliott) Chapm.%(Elliott)%Chapm.%Silphium asteriscus var. dentatum%Fl. South. U.S.%221%1860%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236420-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%DC.%%DC.%Silphium asteriscus var. laevicaule%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 513%1836%%%%%%Western Georgia, Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 60436443-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(A.Gray) Clevinger%(A.Gray)%Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. latifolium%Novon%14(3): 276%2004%%%Asteraceae Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium A.Gray%%%%comb. nov. 236421-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Pursh) Alph.Wood%(Pursh)%Alph.Wood%Silphium asteriscus var. pumilum%Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861).%442%1861%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236422-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium asteriscus var. scabrum%Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall].%2: 183%1818%%%%%%Without definite locality%tax. nov. 60436441-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Greene) Clevinger%(Greene)%Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. simpsonii%Novon%14(3): 275%2004%%%Asteraceae Silphium simpsonii Greene%%%%comb. et stat. nov. 60436442-2%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(L.) Clevinger%(L.)%Clevinger%Silphium asteriscus var. trifoliatum%Novon%14(3): 276%2004%%%Asteraceae Silphium trifoliatum L.%%%%comb. et stat. nov. 236423-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Ritzb. ex Willd.%%Ritzb. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum%%%%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249116-1%1.1.2.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Retz. ex Willd.%%Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium atropurpureum%Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow]%3(3): 2334%1803%%%%%%%unknown 236424-2%1.2.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%Fernald%%Fernald%Silphium atropurpureum f. hirticaule%Rhodora%41: 573%1939%%%%%%Virginia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236425-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium%Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%1835%%Nesom remarked that the type possibly came from Texas.%%%%New Orleans, Louisiana (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249117-1%1.3.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium betonicifolium%Companion Bot. Mag.%1: 99%1835%%%%%%%unknown 249118-1%1.2.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Gatt.%%Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum%Bot. Gaz.%9: 192%1884%%%%%%%unknown 249119-1%1.1.2.1.1.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Gatt.%%Gatt.%Silphium brachiatum%Teness. Fl.%1887: 54%1887%%%%%%%unknown 236426-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium chickamaugense%Bot. Gaz.%27: 319%1899%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249120-1%1.2.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium chickamaugense%Bot. Gaz.%27: 319%1899%%%%%%%unknown 236427-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium collinum%Pittonia%4(20): 44%1899%%%%%%Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249122-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium compositum%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 145%1803%%%%%%%unknown 236428-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Torr. & A.Gray%%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. michauxii%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 276%1842%%%%%%North Carolina to Florida, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 236429-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%(Small) L.M.Perry%(Small)%L.M.Perry%Silphium compositum f. orae%Rhodora%39: 295%1937%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236430-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Torr. & A.Gray%%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. ovatifolium%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 277%1842%%%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236431-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%subsp.%(Torr. & A.Gray) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%(Torr. & A.Gray)%C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. ovatifolium%Ohio J. Sci.%70: 232%1970%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236432-2%1.4.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray%(Raf.)%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium compositum var. reniforme%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 276%1842%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236433-2%1.3.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%subsp.%(Raf. ex Nutt.) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%(Raf. ex Nutt.)%C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. reniforme%Ohio J. Sci.%70: 230%1970%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236434-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%subsp.%(Small) C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%(Small)%C.R.Sweeney & T.R.Fisher%Silphium compositum subsp. venosum%Ohio J. Sci.%70: 232%1970%%%%%%%tax. nov. 967116-1%1.1.2.1.1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Small) Kartesz & Gandhi%(Small)%Kartesz & Gandhi%Silphium compositum var. venosum%Phytologia%71(4): 272%1991%%%Asteraceae Silphium venosum Small%%%%comb. nov. 249123-1%1.2.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%hort.%%hort.%Silphium compressum%ex Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.%9(Fasc. suppl. 1): 11%1931%%%%%%%unknown 249124-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium confertiflorum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1509, sphalm.%1933%%%%%%%unknown 236435-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium confertifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243, 1340%1903%%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249125-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium confertifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243%1903%%%%%%%unknown 249126-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Willd.%%Willd.%Silphium conjunctum%Enum. Pl. [Willdenow]%2: 933%1809%%%%%%%unknown 236437-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium connatum%Mant. Pl. Altera%574%1771%%%%%%America%tax. nov. 249128-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium dentatum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 468%1823%%%%%%%unknown 236439-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(A.Gray) L.M.Perry%(A.Gray)%L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum var. angustatum%Rhodora%39: 293%1937%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236440-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(C.Mohr) H.E.Ahles%(C.Mohr)%H.E.Ahles%Silphium dentatum var. gatesii%J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc.%80: 173%1964%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236441-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%(Small) L.M.Perry%(Small)%L.M.Perry%Silphium dentatum f. nodum%Rhodora%39: 293%1937%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249129-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Poir.%%Poir.%Silphium dissectum%Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5.%157%1817%%%%%%%unknown 249130-1%1.1.2.1.4.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Kunze%%Kunze%Silphium doronicifolium%Del. Sem. Hort. Lips.%1846: 4%1846%%%%%%%unknown 249131-1%1.1.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Baill.%%Baill.%Silphium edule%Hist. Pl. (Baillon)%8: 306%1882%%%%%%%unknown 249132-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium elatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 579%1813%%%%%%%unknown 236442-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium elliottii%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243, 1340%1903%%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249133-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium elliottii%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1234%1903%%%%%%%unknown 249134-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium equatoriale%Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.]%2(1): 350%1873%nom. inval.%%%%%%unknown 249135-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Bernh. ex Spreng.%%Bernh. ex Spreng.%Silphium erythrocaulon%Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel]%3: 630%1826%%%%%%%unknown 236443-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%C.Mohr%%C.Mohr%Silphium gatesii%Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.%6: 793, tab. 13%1901%%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236444-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium gatesii f. truncatum%Rhodora%39: 289%1937%%%%%%vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236445-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Eggert in Small%%Eggert in Small%Silphium glabrum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243, 1340%1903%%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249137-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Eggert%%Eggert%Silphium glabrum%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1243%1903%%%%%%%unknown 249138-1%1.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Weinm.%%Weinm.%Silphium glaucum%Hort. Dorpat.%143%%%%%%%%unknown 321034-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%J.R.Allison%%J.R.Allison%Silphium glutinosum%Castanea%66(1-2): 183 (186-188; figs. 11, 12A-C; tab. 2)%2001%%[Gandhi 5 May 2001]%%%%ca. 17.8 km NE of Centreville; ca. 2 km NNW of the mouth of Alligator Creek; Alligator Glade, Ketona Dolomite outcrop ca. 0.2 km W of Alligator Creek, Bibb County (Alabama, Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249139-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium gracile%Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts%8: 653%1873%%%%%%%unknown 249140-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium gummiferum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 460%1823%%%%%%%unknown 236446-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium helianthoides%Pittonia%4(20): 43%1899%%%%%%Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249141-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium helianthoides%Sp. Pl.%2: 920%1753%%%%%%%unknown 249143-1%1.1.2.1.1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Schrad. ex DC.%%Schrad. ex DC.%Silphium hornemannii%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 514%1836%%%%%%%unknown 236448-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium incisum%Pittonia%4(20): 45%1899%%%%%%Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249145-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium integrifolium%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 146%1803%%%%%%%unknown 30072268-2%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium integrifolium%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 146%1803%%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 1025989-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Hook.) B.L.Turner%(Hook.)%B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. asperrimum%Sida, Bot. Misc.%24: 6%2003%%%%%%%unknown 236449-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. deamii%Rhodora%39: 287%1937%%%%%%1 mile E of Dana, Indiana (Northeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236450-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium integrifolium var. gattingeri%Rhodora%39: 287%1937%%%%%%Nashville, Charlotte Pike, Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236451-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Cronquist%%Cronquist%Silphium integrifolium var. integrifolium%Rhodora%47: 401%1945%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236452-2%1.4.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Torr. & A.Gray%%Torr. & A.Gray%Silphium integrifolium var. laeve%Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray)%2(2): 279%1842%%%%%%%nom. et stat. nov. 236453-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Benke%%Benke%Silphium integrifolium var. mesochorum%Rhodora%34: 10%1932%%%%%%Kansas (North-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236454-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Settle & T.R.Fisher%%Settle & T.R.Fisher%Silphium integrifolium var. neglectum%Rhodora%72: 540%1970%%%%%%Indiana (Northeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236455-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Alph.Wood%%Alph.Wood%Silphium integrifolium var. ternatum%Class-book Bot., ed. 2.%336%1847%%%%%%%tax. nov. 1044665-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(L.M.Perry) B.L.Turner%(L.M.Perry)%B.L.Turner%Silphium integrifolium var. wrightii%Sida, Bot. Misc.%24: 6%2003%%%%%%%unknown 249146-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Walter%%Walter%Silphium laciniatum%Fl. Carol. [Walter]%217%1788%%%%%%%unknown 315757-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium laciniatum%Sp. Pl.%2: 919%1753%%[Gandhi 4 Jun 1998]%%%%America Septentrionali, Mississippi, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 236456-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium laciniatum var. robinsonii%Rhodora%39: 297%1937%%%%%%x, Kentucky (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249148-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hook.%%Hook.%Silphium laeve%London J. Bot.%6: 244%1847%%%%%%%unknown 249149-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium laevigatum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 465%1823%%%%%%%unknown 249150-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium laevigatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 578%1813%%%%%%%unknown 236457-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium lanceolatum%Bot. Gaz.%27: 139, 319%1899%%%%%%Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249151-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium lanceolatum%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 341%1840%%%%%%%unknown 249152-1%1.2.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Canby%%Canby%Silphium lanceolatum%Bot. Gaz.%27: 139%1899%%%%%%%unknown 315887-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium lapsum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411, 1509%1933%%[Gandhi 7 Jul 1998]%%%%Augusta: sand hills and oak woods, Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249153-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium lapsuum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411%1933%%%%%%%unknown 249154-1%1.1.2.1.4.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hill%%Hill%Silphium latifolium%Hort. Kew. (Hill)%ed. 1: 11%1768%%%%%%%unknown 236458-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium mohrii%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%24(1): 493, t. 315%1897%%%%%%Alabama (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249156-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium nodum%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1413%1933%%%%%%%unknown 249157-1%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%M.A.Curtis%%M.A.Curtis%Silphium nudicaule%Boston J. Nat. Hist.%1: 127%1837%%%%%%%unknown 249158-1%1.1.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Torr.%%Torr.%Silphium nuttallianum%Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York%2: 216%1827%nom. illeg. nom. superfl. for S. subacaule Nuttall (1822).%Torrey considered Nuttall's Silphium *subacaule, scabriusculum: caule brevissimo ... (in Amer. J. Sci. 5: 301. 1822) as a new species without an epithet (Torrey seems to have treated subacaule, as a descriptive term); cf., DC. (Prodr. 5: 512. 1836); A. Gray (Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 242. 1884).%%%%%nom. nov. 249159-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium orae%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411%1933%%%%%%%unknown 315886-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium orae%Man. S.E. Fl. [Small]%1411, 1509%1933%%[Gandhi 7 Jul 1998]%%%%Wilmington: sandy woods, North Carolina (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236459-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium ovatifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1242, 1340%1903%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249160-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium ovatifolium%Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small].%1242%1903%%%%%%%unknown 236460-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum%Naturaleza (Mexico City)%ser. 2, 1, app. 148%1890%%%%%%Mexico (Northern America)%tax. nov. 249161-1%1.4.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ovatum%Pl. Nov. Hisp.%148 (Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1: App.); ed. 2, 138%1890%%%%%%%unknown 249162-1%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Banks ex Pursh%%Banks ex Pursh%Silphium patulum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 578%1813%%%%%%%unknown 236461-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium perfoliatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1232%1759%%%%%%America boreali%tax. nov. 249163-1%1.4.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium perfoliatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1232%1759%%%%%%%unknown 236462-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Willd.) Pursh%(Willd.)%Pursh%Silphium perfoliatum var. conjunctum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 577%1813%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236463-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%subsp.%(L.) Cruden%(L.)%Cruden%Silphium perfoliatum subsp. connatum%Castanea%27: 90%1962%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236464-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(L.) Cronquist%(L.)%Cronquist%Silphium perfoliatum var. connatum%Brittonia%29: 223%1977%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236465-2%1.12%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%(Schrad. ex DC.) Voss%(Schrad. ex DC.)%Voss%Silphium perfoliatum f. hornemannii%Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3.%1: 477%1894%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236466-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.%%E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.%Silphium perfoliatum f. petiolatum%Brittonia%10: 119%1958%%%%%%Missouri (North-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249164-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium peristenium%Atlantic J.%146 (Quid ?)%1832%%%%%%%unknown 304167-2%1.2.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium peristenium%Atlantic J.%1: 146%1832%%%%%%%tax. nov. 321035-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%J.R.Allison%%J.R.Allison%Silphium perplexum%Castanea%66(1-2): 188 (-189; fig. 12D-F; tab. 2)%2001%%[Gandhi 5 May 2001]%%%%ca. 15.5 km SW of Selma and ca. 2.4 km WSW of Old Cahaba; S side Co. Rd. 2 at jct. Co. Rd. 9; prairielike openings on chalk, Dallas County (Alabama, Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249165-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Poir.%%Poir.%Silphium petiolatum%Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5.%157%1817%%%%%%%unknown 236467-2%1.3.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 462%1823%%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 249166-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium pinnatifidum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 462%1823%%%%%%%unknown 249167-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%T.Nees%%T.Nees%Silphium pinnatifidum%Flora vel Bot. Zeitung%15(1): 77%1832%%%%%%%unknown 249168-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%%Spruce ex Benth. & Hook.f.%Silphium platypterum%Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.]%2(1): 350%1873%nom. inval.%%%%%%unknown 249169-1%1.1.2.1.1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Fras. ex DC.%%Fras. ex DC.%Silphium pseudolaciniatum%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 512%1836%%%%%%%unknown 236468-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium pumilum%%%%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249170-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium pumilum%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 183%1803%%%%%%%unknown 236469-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Pursh) Nutt.%(Pursh)%Nutt.%Silphium pumilum var. tomentosum%Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall].%2: 183%1818%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249171-1%1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Hedw.%%Hedw.%Silphium quadrangulum%Arch. Bot. [Leipzig]%3(1-2): 123%1803%%%%%%%unknown 249172-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%DC.%%DC.%Silphium quercifolium%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 513%1836%%%%%%%unknown 249173-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium radula%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 341%1840%%%%%%%unknown 60436444-2%1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(A.Gray) Clevinger%(A.Gray)%Clevinger%Silphium radula var. gracile%Novon%14(3): 277%2004%%%Asteraceae Silphium gracile A.Gray%%%%comb. et stat. nov. 236470-2%1.3.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Raf. ex Nutt.%%Raf. ex Nutt.%Silphium reniforme%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 342%1840%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249175-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium reticulatum%Atlantic J.%148%1832%%%%%%%unknown 249176-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium reticulatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 579%1813%%%%%%%unknown 249177-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium reticulatum%Methodus (Moench)%606%1794%%%%%%%unknown 236471-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Bush%%Bush%Silphium reverchonii%Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard.%17: 125%1906%%%%%%Texas (South-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249179-1%1.1.2.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium rigidum%Suppl. Meth. (Moench)%258.%1802%%%%%%%unknown 236472-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium rumicifolium%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(3): 145%1898%%%%%%Tennessee (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249181-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Elliott%%Elliott%Silphium scaberrimum%Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott]%2: 466%1823%%%%%%%unknown 249182-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium scabrum%Methodus (Moench)%606%1794%%%%%%%unknown 249183-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Walter%%Walter%Silphium scabrum%Fl. Carol. [Walter]%217%1788%%%%%%%unknown 236473-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Greene%%Greene%Silphium simpsonii%Pittonia%4(20): 44%1899%%%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236474-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium simpsonii var. wrightii%Rhodora%39: 288%1937%%%%%%Texas (South-Central U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249185-1%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Banks ex Pursh%%Banks ex Pursh%Silphium sinuatum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 577%1813%%%%%%%unknown 249186-1%1.2.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium solidaginoides%Sp. Pl.%2: 920%1753%%%%%%%unknown 249187-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium speciosum%Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.%ser. 2, 7: 341%1840%%%%%%United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 249188-1%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Poir.%%Poir.%Silphium spicatum%Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 5.%157%1817%%%%%%%unknown 249189-1%1.1.2.2.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Nutt.%%Nutt.%Silphium subacaule%Amer. J. Sci. Arts%5: 301%1822%%protologue: Silphium *subacaule, scabriusculum: caule brevissimo ...; both Silphium and subacaule given in Roman; Torrey (Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 216. 1827) treated subacaule as a descriptive term and believed that Nuttall did not provide a specific epithet (cf., DC., Prodr. 5: 512. 1836; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 242. 1884).%%%%Florida (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249190-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Jacq.%%Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum%Hort. Bot. Vindob.%1: 16%%%%%%%%unknown 30257140-2%1.1.2.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Jacq.%%Jacq.%Silphium terebinthinaceum%Hort. Bot. Vindob.%1: 16 (t. 43)%1770%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236478-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Steyerm.%%Steyerm.%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. lucy-brauniae%Rhodora%53: 134%1951%%%%%%Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois & Mississippi, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 236476-2%1.4.2.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Elliott) A.Gray%(Elliott)%A.Gray%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. pinnatifidum%Manual (Gray)%220%1848%%Gray did not refer to the basionym; St. Louis Code Art. 33.2 applies for presumed comb. nov.%Asteraceae Silphium pinnatifidum Elliott%%%%comb. et stat. nov. 236477-2%1.2.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%M.A.Curtis%%M.A.Curtis%Silphium terebinthinaceum var. sinuatum%Boston J. Nat. Hist.%7: 127%1835%%%%%%Virginia to South Carolina, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 236479-2%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum%Fl. Mexic., ed. 2%195%1894%%%%%%Mexico (Northern America)%tax. nov. 249192-1%1.1.2.1.2.1.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Retz. ex Willd.%%Retz. ex Willd.%Silphium ternatum%Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow]%3(3): 2333%1803%%%%%%%unknown 249193-1%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Sessé & Moc.%%Sessé & Moc.%Silphium ternatum%Fl. Mexic., ed. 2%195%1894%%%%%%%unknown 1060627-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Ritzb. ex Willd.) DC.%(Ritzb. ex Willd.)%DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum%%%%%%%%%%unknown 236480-2%1.7%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%(Retz. ex Willd.) DC.%(Retz. ex Willd.)%DC.%Silphium ternatum var. atropurpureum%Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle]%5: 513%1836%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249194-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Michx.%%Michx.%Silphium ternifolium%Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux)%2: 146%1803%%%%%%%unknown 249195-1%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Gaertn.%%Gaertn.%Silphium tetragonotheca%Fruct. Sem. Pl.%2(3): 444, t. 171, f. 2%1791%%%%%%%unknown 249196-1%1.1.2.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Moench%%Moench%Silphium tetragonum%Methodus (Moench)%606%1794%%%%%%%unknown 236481-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Pursh%%Pursh%Silphium tomentosum%%%%%%%%%%tax. nov. 249197-1%1.6%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%%Herb.Banks ex Pursh%Silphium tomentosum%Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh)%2: 579%1813%%%%%%%unknown 249198-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Raf.%%Raf.%Silphium trachopus%Herb. Raf.%24%1833%%%%%%%unknown 249199-1%1.2.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trifoliatum%Sp. Pl.%2: 920%1753%%%%%%%unknown 315758-2%1.4%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trifoliatum%Sp. Pl.%2: 920%1753%%[Gandhi 4 Jun 1998]%%%%Virginia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236482-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%A.Gray%%A.Gray%Silphium trifoliatum var. latifolium%Syn. Fl. N. Amer.%1, pt. 2: 241%1884%%%%%%South Carolina, Georgia & Alabama, United States of America (Northern America)%tax. nov. 236484-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%f.%L.M.Perry%%L.M.Perry%Silphium trifoliatum f. praecisum%Rhodora%39: 291%1937%%%%%%Lexington, Virginia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 236483-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%var.%Cronquist%%Cronquist%Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum%Rhodora%47: 401%1945%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236485-2%1.3.2.2.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1233%1759%%The Linnaean epithet trilobatu. corrected to trilobatum%%%%%tax. nov. 249200-1%1.4.1.1%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1232%1759%%%%%%%unknown 311299-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1233%1759%%%%%%%tax. nov. 311727-2%1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%L.%%L.%Silphium trilobatum%Syst. Nat., ed. 10.%2: 1233%1759%%%%%%%tax. nov. 236486-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium venosum%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(9): 478%1898%%%%%%Georgia (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 249201-1%1.1.2.1.1.2%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium venosum%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(9): 478%1898%%%%%%%unknown 311758-2%1.5%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Small%%Small%Silphium venosum%Bull. Torrey Bot. Club%25(9): 478%1898%%%%%%Charlton County (Georgia, Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov. 285030-2%1.1.2.1.1.3%Asteraceae%%N%Silphium%%spec.%Medley%%Medley%Silphium wasiotense%Sida%13: 285 (-287), fig%1989%%as wasiotensis%%%%Kentucky (Southeastern U.S.A., Northern America)%tax. nov.